情人节 历史知识 英国前拉斐尔派画家、诗人加布里埃尔·罗塞蒂（Dante Gabriel Rossetti，1828–1882）1868年的名画《维纳斯·维蒂科迪亚》。维纳斯·维蒂科迪亚（Venus Verticordia）是罗马维纳斯女神的一种变体，字面意思为“改变心意者”，寓意是妇女从放纵转向贞洁，每年4月1日是其节日。这幅画使用了大量象征隐喻的元素，如花朵象征性欲，指向女神心房的箭象征欲望的引诱，金苹果既可以联想到希腊神话中的帕里斯仲裁，也能呼应圣经中偷吃禁果的故事，而蝴蝶象征着灵魂。这是罗塞蒂名画中唯一裸露的一幅，罗塞蒂甚至专门为它撰写了一首意大利式十四行诗：她手握苹果为你留，却又在心底欲藏还休；她凝眸——沿着你灵魂中她能望见的那道轨迹游走。或许她叹：“瞧，他多安宁，唉！这苹果将触他唇际——蜜甜的须臾，那支飞箭直贯其心，永不停息，将使他双足浪迹无依！片刻她垂眸，羞怯又沉静；可若她真交出那魅惑之果，双眸会燃起弗里吉亚牧人的焰火。那时她喉间颤栗的鸟将预言灾祸，远海悲鸣如孤螺，特洛伊的光刺穿她幽暗的丛林。She hath the apple in her hand for thee,Yet almost in her heart would hold it back;She muses, with her eyes upon the trackOf that which in thy spirit they can see.Haply, ‘Behold, he is at peace,’ saith she;‘Alas! the apple for his lips,—the dartThat follows its brief sweetness to his heart,—The wandering of his feet perpetually!’A little space her glance is still and coy;But if she give the fruit that works her spell,Those eyes shall flame as for her Phrygian boy.Then shall her bird's strained throat the woe foretell,And her far seas moan as a single shell,And through her dark grove strike the light of Troy.
图2是1863年画家绘制的草图，可以看到最终成品还是有不少变化。图3是盖蒂博物馆收藏的2世纪罗马维纳斯雕塑。
